How do I create a Windows shortcut key?

Question:
How do I create a Windows shortcut key?
Answer:
Create a shortcut
1. Open the folder or directory that contains the program you wish to create a shortcut for.
2. Right-click on the program and click Create Shortcut. 
3. This will create a shortcut named "Shortcut to <your program>" in the directory you are in. If you wish to rename this shortcut, right-click the file and click rename. 
4. Once the above steps have been completed, you can copy or cut this shortcut and paste it anywhere to execute this program. 
Assign shortcut key to that Windows shortcut
Once the shortcut has been created to assign a shortcut key to that Windows shortcut follow the below steps.
1. Right-click the shortcut and click Properties. 
2. Click the Shortcut tab. 
3. Click in the Shortcut key box and press a letter. For example, if you press "p" the shortcut key will automatically be made Ctrl + Alt + P. Which means if saved when pressing Ctrl and Alt and "P" all at the same time will run that shortcut. 
Additional information:
· See our shortcut key dictionary definition for additional information about this term and related links. 
· Additional information about creating a Windows shortcut can be found on document CH000739. 
· See tip1 for information about create a shortcut key for a web page.
Command Name  Shortcut Keys
   All Caps                       CTRL+SHIFT+A
   Annotation                     ALT+CTRL+M
   App Maximize                   ALT+F10
   App Restore                    ALT+F5
   Apply Heading1                 ALT+CTRL+1
   Apply Heading2                 ALT+CTRL+2
   Apply Heading3                 ALT+CTRL+3
   Apply List Bullet              CTRL+SHIFT+L
   Auto Format                    ALT+CTRL+K
   Auto Text                      F3 or ALT+CTRL+V
   Bold                           CTRL+B or CTRL+SHIFT+B
   Bookmark                       CTRL+SHIFT+F5
   Browse Next                    CTRL+PAGE DOWN
   Browse Previous                CTRL+PAGE UP
   Browse Sel                     ALT+CTRL+HOME
   Cancel                         ESC
   Center Para                    CTRL+E
   Change Case                    SHIFT+F3
   Char Left                      LEFT
   Char Left Extend               SHIFT+LEFT
   Char Right                     RIGHT
   Char Right Extend              SHIFT+RIGHT
   Clear                          DELETE
   Close or Exit                  ALT+F4
   Close Pane                     ALT+SHIFT+C
   Column Break                   CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER
   Column Select                  CTRL+SHIFT+F8
   Copy                           CTRL+C or CTRL+INSERT
   Copy Format                    CTRL+SHIFT+C
   Copy Text                      SHIFT+F2
   Create Auto Text               ALT+F3
   Customize Add Menu             ALT+CTRL+=
   Customize Keyboard             ALT+CTRL+NUM +
   Customize Remove Menu          ALT+CTRL+-
   Cut                            CTRL+X or SHIFT+DELETE
   Date Field                     ALT+SHIFT+D
   Delete Back Word               CTRL+BACKSPACE
   Delete Word                    CTRL+DELETE
   Dictionary                     ALT+SHIFT+F7
   Do Field Click                 ALT+SHIFT+F9
   Doc Close                      CTRL+W or CTRL+F4
   Doc Maximize                   CTRL+F10
   Doc Move                       CTRL+F7
   Doc Restore                    CTRL+F5
   Doc Size                       CTRL+F8
   Doc Split                      ALT+CTRL+S
   Double Underline               CTRL+SHIFT+D
   End of Column                  ALT+PAGE DOWN
   End of Column                  ALT+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN
   End of Doc Extend              CTRL+SHIFT+END
   End of Document                CTRL+END
   End of Line                    END
   End of Line Extend             SHIFT+END
   End of Row                     ALT+END
   End of Row                     ALT+SHIFT+END
   End of Window                  ALT+CTRL+PAGE DOWN
   End of Window Extend           ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN
   Endnote Now                    ALT+CTRL+D
   Extend Selection               F8
   Field Chars                    CTRL+F9
   Field Codes                    ALT+F9
   Find                           CTRL+F
   Font                           CTRL+D or CTRL+SHIFT+F
   Font Size Select               CTRL+SHIFT+P
   Footnote Now                   ALT+CTRL+F
   Go Back                        SHIFT+F5 or ALT+CTRL+Z
   Go To                          CTRL+G or F5
   Grow Font                      CTRL+SHIFT+.
   Grow Font One Point            CTRL+]
   Hanging Indent                 CTRL+T
   Header Footer Link             ALT+SHIFT+R
   Help                           F1
   Hidden                         CTRL+SHIFT+H
   Hyperlink                      CTRL+K
   Indent                         CTRL+M
   Italic                         CTRL+I or CTRL+SHIFT+I
   Justify Para                   CTRL+J
   Left Para                      CTRL+L
   Line Down                      DOWN
   Line Down Extend               SHIFT+DOWN
   Line Up                        UP
   Line Up Extend                 SHIFT+UP
   List Num Field                 ALT+CTRL+L
   Lock Fields                    CTRL+3 or CTRL+F11
   Macro                          ALT+F8
   Mail Merge Check               ALT+SHIFT+K
   Mail Merge Edit Data Source    ALT+SHIFT+E 
   Mail Merge to Doc              ALT+SHIFT+N
   Mail Merge to Printer          ALT+SHIFT+M
   Mark Citation                  ALT+SHIFT+I
   Mark Index Entry               ALT+SHIFT+X
   Mark Table of Contents Entry   ALT+SHIFT+O
   Menu Mode                      F10
   Merge Field                    ALT+SHIFT+F
   Microsoft Script Editor        ALT+SHIFT+F11
   Microsoft System Info          ALT+CTRL+F1
   Move Text                      F2
   New                            CTRL+N
   Next Cell                      TAB
   Next Field                     F11 or ALT+F1
   Next Misspelling               ALT+F7
   Next Object                    ALT+DOWN
   Next Window                    CTRL+F6 or ALT+F6
   Normal                         ALT+CTRL+N
   Normal Style                   CTRL+SHIFT+N or ALT+SHIFT+CLEAR (NUM 5)
   Open                           CTRL+O or CTRL+F12 or ALT+CTRL+F2
   Open or Close Up Para          CTRL+0
   Other Pane                     F6 or SHIFT+F6
   Outline                        ALT+CTRL+O
   Outline Collapse               ALT+SHIFT+- or ALT+SHIFT+NUM -
   Outline Demote                 ALT+SHIFT+RIGHT
   Outline Expand                 ALT+SHIFT+=
   Outline Expand                 ALT+SHIFT+NUM +
   Outline Move Down              ALT+SHIFT+DOWN
   Outline Move Up                ALT+SHIFT+UP
   Outline Promote                ALT+SHIFT+LEFT
   Outline Show First Line        ALT+SHIFT+L
   Overtype                       INSERT
   Page                           ALT+CTRL+P
   Page Break                     CTRL+ENTER
   Page Down                      PAGE DOWN
   Page Down Extend               SHIFT+PAGE DOWN
   Page Field                     ALT+SHIFT+P
   Page Up                        PAGE UP
   Page Up Extend                 SHIFT+PAGE UP
   Para Down                      CTRL+DOWN
   Para Down Extend               CTRL+SHIFT+DOWN
   Para Up                        CTRL+UP
   Para Up Extend                 CTRL+SHIFT+UP
   Paste                          CTRL+V or SHIFT+INSERT
   Paste Format                   CTRL+SHIFT+V
   Prev Cell                      SHIFT+TAB
   Prev Field                     SHIFT+F11 or ALT+SHIFT+F1
   Prev Object                    ALT+UP
   Prev Window                    CTRL+SHIFT+F6 or ALT+SHIFT+F6
   Print                          CTRL+P or CTRL+SHIFT+F12
   Print Preview                  CTRL+F2 or ALT+CTRL+I
   Proofing                       F7
   Redo                           ALT+SHIFT+BACKSPACE
   Redo or Repeat                 CTRL+Y or F4 or ALT+ENTER
   Repeat Find                    SHIFT+F4 or ALT+CTRL+Y
   Replace                        CTRL+H
   Reset Char                     CTRL+SPACE or CTRL+SHIFT+Z
   Reset Para                     CTRL+Q
   Revision Marks Toggle          CTRL+SHIFT+E
   Right Para                     CTRL+R
   Save                           CTRL+S or SHIFT+F12 or ALT+SHIFT+F2
   Save As                        F12
   Select All                     CTRL+A or CTRL+CLEAR (NUM 5) or CTRL+NUM 5
   Select Table                   ALT+CLEAR (NUM 5)
   Show All                       CTRL+SHIFT+8
   Show All Headings              ALT+SHIFT+A
   Show Heading1                  ALT+SHIFT+1
   Show Heading2                  ALT+SHIFT+2
   Show Heading3                  ALT+SHIFT+3
   Show Heading4                  ALT+SHIFT+4
   Show Heading5                  ALT+SHIFT+5
   Show Heading6                  ALT+SHIFT+6
   Show Heading7                  ALT+SHIFT+7
   Show Heading8                  ALT+SHIFT+8
   Show Heading9                  ALT+SHIFT+9
   Shrink Font                    CTRL+SHIFT+,
   Shrink Font One Point          CTRL+[
   Small Caps                     CTRL+SHIFT+K
   Space Para1                    CTRL+1
   Space Para15                   CTRL+5
   Space Para2                    CTRL+2
   Spike                          CTRL+SHIFT+F3 or CTRL+F3
   Start of Column                ALT+PAGE UP
   Start of Column                ALT+SHIFT+PAGE UP
   Start of Doc Extend            CTRL+SHIFT+HOME
   Start of Document              CTRL+HOME
   Start of Line                  HOME
   Start of Line Extend           SHIFT+HOME
   Start of Row                   ALT+HOME
   Start of Row                   ALT+SHIFT+HOME
   Start of Window                ALT+CTRL+PAGE UP
   Start of Window Extend         ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE UP
   Style                          CTRL+SHIFT+S
   Subscript                      CTRL+=
   Superscript                    CTRL+SHIFT+=
   Symbol Font                    CTRL+SHIFT+Q
   Thesaurus                      SHIFT+F7
   Time Field                     ALT+SHIFT+T
   Toggle Field Display           SHIFT+F9
   Toggle Master Subdocs          CTRL+\
   Tool                           SHIFT+F1
   Un Hang                        CTRL+SHIFT+T
   Un Indent                      CTRL+SHIFT+M
   Underline                      CTRL+U or CTRL+SHIFT+U
   Undo                           CTRL+Z or ALT+BACKSPACE
   Unlink Fields                  CTRL+6 or CTRL+SHIFT+F9
   Unlock Fields                  CTRL+4 or CTRL+SHIFT+F11
   Update Auto Format             ALT+CTRL+U
   Update Fields                  F9 or ALT+SHIFT+U
   Update Source                  CTRL+SHIFT+F7
   VBCode                         ALT+F11
   Web Go Back                    ALT+LEFT
   Web Go Forward                 ALT+RIGHT
   Word Left                      CTRL+LEFT
   Word Left Extend               CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT
   Word Right                     CTRL+RIGHT
   Word Right Extend              CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT
   Word Underline                 CTRL+SHIFT+W
Audio Editing
[F1] :  Selection tool
[F2] :  Envelope tool
[F3] :  Editing tool
[F4] :  Zoom tool
[F5] :  Timeshift tool
[F6] :  Multi tool
[D] :  Cycle tool forward
[A] :  Cycle tool backward
General Commands
[Ctrl] + [Z] :  Undo
[Ctrl] + [Y] :  Redo
[Ctrl] + [Shift] + [Z] :  Redo(Mac/Unix)
[Ctrl] + [X] :  Cut
[Ctrl] + [C] :  Copy
[Ctrl] + [V] :  Paste
[Ctrl] + [K], [Delete] :  Delete
[Ctrl] + [L] :  Silence
[Ctrl] + [D] :  Duplicate
[Ctrl] + [A] :  Select all
[Z] :  Find Zero crossings
Navigation And Playback [Space] :  Play/stop
[Shfit] + [Space], [L] :  Loop
[P] :  Pause
[R] :  Record
[1] :  Preview 1 second
[B] :  Play from cursor to selection
[Ctrl] + [1] :  Zoom in
[Ctrl] + [2] :  Zoom normal
[Ctrl] + [3] :  Zoom out
[Ctrl] + [F] :  Fit in window
[Ctrl] + [Shift] + [F] :  Fir vertically
[Ctrl] + [E] :  Zoom to selection
[Ctrl] + [I] :  Import audio
[Ctrl] + [B] :  Create label
[Ctrl] + [R] :  Repeat last effect

ठाकुर विशम्भर सिंह इण्टर कालेज गुरूकुल से निकली बेल शिक्षा का उजाला फैला रही है पिछडे़ इलाके गुजैनी जमीदार परिवार ने 1992 में डाली थी गांव में नींव

कानपुर। कुछ ही शख्शियतें ऐसी होती हैं, जो तमाम संसाधन मौजूद होने के बावजूद भी  समाज के लिए कुछ ऐसा करने की ललक लिए कदमतार कंरने से जरा भी नहीं चूकते हैं। जिससे वे रहे न रहें उनका नाम समाज में इतिहास बन चुका होता है। ऐसा ही एक नाम गुजैनी के एक समय के जमीदार ठाकुर विशम्भर सिंह आज भले ही हमारे बीच न हों किन्तु उनके नाम का ठाकुर विशम्भर सिंह इण्टर कालेज आज भी गुजैनी व आस पास के इलाकों में शिक्षा का एक बड़ा केन्द्र बना हुआ है। जिससे निकलकर प्रतिवर्ष सैकड़ों छात्र-छात्राएं उच्च शिक्षा के लिए आगे की प्रगति का रास्ता तय करते हैं।
 ठाकुर विशम्भर सिंह की प्रेरणा से ही उनके पुत्र ठाकुर देवेन्द्र सिंह जो इस इण्टर कालेज के प्रबन्धक भी हैं तथा पुत्रवधू श्रीमती सत्या सिंह ने 1992 में शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में पिछड़े गुजैनी में ही अपनी पैतृक की सम्पत्ति में तुलसी मेमोरियल स्कूल के नाम से एक गुरूकुल खोला। अपने बाद जमीदार ठाकुर विशम्भर सिंह की 1994 में मौत के बाद उनकी प्रेरणा की वजह से इस स्कूल का नाम उन्हीं के नाम पर रख दिया गया। दिवंगत ठाकुर साहब हमेशा अपने बेटे-बहू से कहा करते थे कि पैसों के अभाव में किसी बच्चे की शिक्षा नहीं रूकनी चाहिए। 
 इसी मूलमंत्र के सहारे यह विद्यालय आज भी गुजैनी रविदासपुरम अम्बेडकरपुरम   सरायमीता, पतरसा आदि तमाम इलाके का सबसे सस्ता इण्टरकालेज बना हुआ हैै। उसके बावजूद जिन परिवारों के पास इतनी कम फीस भी मुहैया नहीं हो पाती है। उनके बच्चों की शिाक्षा रोकी नहीं जाती। जिसका परिणाम यह है कि स्कूल में सैकड़ों की तादात में बच्चे हैं। मात्र इण्टर मंे ही विज्ञान वर्ग में 100 व कला वर्ग में 130 बच्चें हैं। इससे अंदाजा लगाया जा सकता है कि नर्सरी से 12वीं तक चलने वाली कक्षाओं में कितने बच्चे होंगे। अश्चर्य की बात यह है कि माध्यमिक बार्ड हाई स्कूल इण्टर की परीक्षाओं में यहां का परिणाम एक समय से शतप्रतिशत ही रहता है। खास तौर पर वह बच्चे जिन्होंने 6वीं से इण्टर तक का कार्यकाल यहीं पूरा किया है वे बड़े ही मेधावी निकलकर अच्छे-अच्छे संस्थानों में कार्यरत हैं। 
 यहां की प्रधानाचार्य श्रीमती सत्या सिंह बताती हैं कि उनका उद्देश्य कम फीस पर बच्चों को बेहतर शिक्षा देना है जो मूलमंत्र उनके ससुर दे गये थे। उन्हीं के पद चिन्हों पर यह स्कूल चल रहा है। जिससे कभी बीज के रूप में डाला गया। यह विद्यालय आज पेड़ बन चुका है। इसी की शतप्रतिशत सफलता को देखकर अपने ससुर के नाम पर प्राइमरी तक का इंग्लिश मीडियम टी.वी.एस. एजूकेशन सेन्टर भी खोला गया है। जो सफलता की सीढ़िंयां चढ़ने लगा है। उन्होंने बताया कि बच्चोें की बेहतर शिक्षा के लिए इण्टरमीडिएट वाले स्कूल में ही 22 शिक्षाकों का स्टाफ है। हालाकि उन्हें इस बात का मलाल अवश्य है कि उनके शिक्षकों की इतनी अधिक मेहनत के बाद भी उच्च वर्ग के बच्चे यहां नहीं आ पाते हैं। फिर भी हम गरीब निहत्थे बच्चों को उनके मुकाबले में खड़ा करने की कम कोशिश नहीं कर रहे हैं।

Mac OS X Shortcuts

Many of these shortcuts can be customized (eg the Exposé shortcuts), as explained in Customizing shortcuts below.

/Image:224px-Mac_keyboard_symbols.jpg/Image:224px-Mac_keyboard_symbols.jpgSymbols seen on Mac menus and non-US Apple keyboards, with their common names

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Shortcuts With Global Scope

command-option-esc	force quit
command-option-eject	sleep now
command-shift-Q	log out
command-shift-option-Q	log out without confirmation
command-control-eject	restart
control-shift-eject	sleep displays
command-option-control-eject	shut down
command-tab	cycle between open applications
command-`	*after* having pressed command-tab, it will cycle between open applications in reverse
command-shift-tab	cycle between open applications in reverse direction
command-`	cycle between open windows in the selected application
command-shift-`	cycle between open windows in the selected application in reverse direction
control-F4	cycle between open windows in all applications
control-shift-F4	cycle between open windows in all applications in reverse direction
F8	Spaces (Leopard only)
F9	Exposé for all windows (Panther and newer)
F10	Exposé for all windows in selected application
F11	Exposé to reveal desktop
F12	Dashboard (Tiger and newer)
control-#	Jump to a space (10.5+)
control-arrow	Cycle through spaces (10.5+)
control-F2	activate keyboard control of the menu bar
control-F3	activate keyboard control of the Dock
control-F8	activate keyboard control of the Menu Extras (right side of menu bar)
command-space	activate Spotlight (Tiger) or switch between keyboard layouts (pre-Tiger systems)
command-option-control-,	decrease the screen contrast
command-option-control-.	increase the screen contrast
command-option-8	turn screen zooming on or off
command-option-=	zoom in (if screen zooming is on)
command-option--	zoom out
command-option-control-8	invert the screen colors
command-delete	send file to trash
command-space	open a Spotlight search
command-option-space	open a Spotlight search in a finder "Find" window
spacebar	when dragging file onto folder it will spring open without the usual delay
shift-volume	Change volume without sound effect
option-shift-volume	Fine-grained volume control (10.5+ ?)
option-volume	Sound Preference Pane
option-brightness	Display Preference Pane
command-decrease-brightness	Change display mode (only on revised fn keyboard layout on Alu. keyboards, newer MBP/MBs?)

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Keyboard Navigation in Mac OS X Core Apps

Expose, Spotlight, Spaces
tab (Expose)	cycle through Expose'd windows
tab (Spaces)	cycle through Spaces
number (Spaces)	focus specific space
c (Spaces)	collect all windows in space 1
tab (Spotlight)	select current search term (equivalent to cmd-a)
command-enter (Spotlight)	show selected file in Finder
Finder
spacebar	quicklook selected item
command-option-i	multi-item Inspector for all selected files
command-delete	send to trash
command-shift-delete	empty trash
enter	edit filename, escape cancels, enter accepts the changes
Finder - Column View
command-3	Switch to Column View
type anything	Find As You Type within the focused pane (FAYT)
tab	Focus contents of selected directory in a new pane
right
left	go one pane back
Finder - List View
command 2	switch to list view
type anything	Find As You Type (FAYT)
tab	cycle through contents of folder, wrapping around
shift tab
command-up	change working directory to parent
right	open selected folder
left (on a file)	jump to parent folder, if that folder is visible
left (on folder)	close that folder, if open
option-right	open all children of all selected folders
option-left	close all selected folders and children
open..., save..., browse...
/	go to... dialogue, allowing one to specify full pathnames from root file. w/ Tab Autocomplete
command-shift-g	Go to folder... dialogs. w/ Tab Autocomplete
tab space	activate disclosure triangle

Column View Note:

• A hollow arrow indicates that the pane with the selected folder is active.


• A solid white arrow indicates that contents of the selected folder are active in the pane to the right .


• The behavior of FAYT/Tab in Column View is functionally equivalent to tab-autocomplete on a standard *nix shell.

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Taking Screenshots

The Taking Screenshots in Mac OS X article includes keyboard shortcuts related to taking screenshots.

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Shortcuts Common to Most Applications

enter	choose blue button in dialogue box (usually "enter" or "accept")
spacebar	simulate a mouse click on focused object (i.e., the button or control that has a blue halo around it)
command-shift-?	Search application help. As of 10.5, this also FAYT searches available menu items. It also activates the menu bar as keyboard navigable if the search string is empty.
command-d	don't save
command-,	preferences
command-?	help
command-:	spelling
command-;	check spelling
command-A	select all
command-C	copy
command-shift-C	show colors
command-F	find
command-G	find next
command-H	hide
command-option-H	hide others
command-M	minimize
command-N	new
command-O	open
command-P	print
command-Q	quit
command-S	save
command-T	show fonts
command-V	paste
command-W	close
command-X	cut
command-Z	undo

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Text Shortcuts

These shortcuts can be used within all text areas in Cocoa applications.

option-left arrow	move left one word
option-right arrow	move right one word
option-delete	back delete one word
shift-option-delete	foward delete one word
option-up arrow	move up one paragraph
option-down arrow	move down one paragraph
control-left arrow	move to start of current line
command-left arrow
control-right arrow	move to end of current line
command-right arrow
shift + any of the above	extend selection by appropriate amount
click then drag	select text
double-click then drag	select text, wrapping to word ends
triple-click then drag	select text, wrapping to paragraph ends
shift-select text with mouse	add to selection (contiguous)
command-select text with mouse	add to selection (non-contiguous)
option-drag	select rectangular area (non-contiguous)
command-option-drag	add rectangular area to selection
drag selection	move text
option-drag selection	copy text
control-A	move to start of current paragraph
control-B	move left one character
control-D	forwards delete
control-E	move to end of current paragraph
control-F	move right one character
control-H	delete
control-K	delete remainder of current paragraph
control-N	move down one line
control-O	insert new line after cursor
control-P	move up one line
control-T	transpose (swap) two surrounding character
control-V	move to end, then left one character
control-Y	paste text previously deleted with control-K

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System startup

Hold down these keys to cause a Mac to perform special actions at startup time.

C	boot from CD or DVD
T	start up in FireWire target mode (the Mac temporarily becomes a very expensive external FireWire drive)
X	force boot into Mac OS X (older Macs that dual-boot into OS 9 and X)
N	start from Network drive
shift	boot into safe mode
mouse button	eject CD before booting normally
command-S	boot into single user mode; type exit when done
command-option-O-F	boot into the Open Firmware prompt
command-option-P-R	reset PRAM
command-option-V	verbose boot; show the Unixy text goodness at boot time
command-option-shift-delete	bypass internal harddrive on boot
option	choose startup disk at boot time

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Customizing shortcuts

Many system-wide shortcuts can be customized. This is described in detail in the Changing Keyboard Shortcuts article.

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Shortcuts on laptops

On most Mac laptops, some of the function keys (F1 - F12) are used to control hardware features:

F1	decrease brightness
F2	increase brightness
F3	mute on G4s, decrease volume on G3s
F4	decrease volume on G4s, increase volume on G3s
F5	increase volume on G4s, numlock on G3s
F6	Num lock on G4s, mute on G3s
F7	Display mode (mirror or extend external display)
F8	disable backlit keyboards (Aluminum PowerBooks)
F9	decrease keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards
F10	increase keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards
F12	eject (some Macs, namely all MacBooks, MacBook Pros, and newer PowerBooks, place a dedicated eject key next to the F12 key)

Newer Mac laptops (MacBook Pros made after February 2008, MacBooks after November(?) 2007, MacBook Airs), and the Aluminum keyboard, have a different layout for fn keys. Some keys have been added, while the numlock key has been removed and the display mode key has been integrated into the brightness key (see combinations in parenthesis)

F1	decrease brightness (command+F1 changes display mode, option+F1 brings up display prefs)
F2	increase brightness (option+F2 brings up display prefs)
F3	exposé (F3 shows all windows, control+F3 shows app windows, option+F3 brings up exposé prefs, command+F3 shows desktop)
F4	dashboard (option+F4 brings up exposé prefs)
F5	decrease keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards (option+F5 brings up keyboard prefs)
F6	increase keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards (option+F6 brings up keyboard prefs)
F7	media navigation backwards (like hitting back on Apple Remote)
F8	media play/pause (like hitting play/pause on Apple Remote)
F9	media navigation forwards (like hitting next on Apple Remote)
F10	mute volume (option+F10 brings up sound prefs)
F11	decrease volume (option+shift+F11 for incremental decrease, option+F11 brings up sound prefs)
F12	increase volume (option+shift+F12 for incremental increase, option+F12 brings up sound prefs)

If you want to use these function keys for standard keyboard shortcuts, you must use the fn key, located in the lower-left corner of the keyboard. For example, to use Spaces on these keyboards, you must press fn-F8; to shift between all open windows in all applications, you must press ctrl-fn-F4; etc.

This behaviour can be altered in the Keyboard tab of the Keyboard & Mouse preference pane, so that hardware functions (like screen brightness) require pressing fn, and standard keyboard shortcuts (like Spaces) work without the fn key.

 

Keyboard shortcuts HTML

You can browse a lot faster using the keyboard, and this pa  ge gives you an overview of the available keyboard shortcuts. Some operations have multiple shortcuts; use those you find most convenient.

Notice that the keyboard shortcuts have changed considerably since Opera 9.2. The old shortcuts are still available if you choose "Opera 9.2 Compatible" in Preferences > Advanced > Shortcuts. A compromise approach that enables some of the more popular single-key shortcuts is to check the box marked "Enable single-key shortcuts".

Note: Selecting the alternate keyboard setup "Opera Standard for UNIX" in the preferences will override some Opera shortcuts with classic UNIX shortcuts.

Standard keys

Movement

Move one line up	↑
Move one line down	↓
Move one character to the right	→
Move one character to the left	←
Move one screen-full up	·         Page Up ·         Shift + Space
Move one screen-full down	·         Page Down ·         Space
Move one screen-full to the left	Ctrl + Page Up
Move one screen-full to the right	Ctrl + Page Down
Go to top	Home
Go to bottom	End

Focus

Cycle focus forward within active context	Tab
Cycle focus backward within active context	Shift + Tab
Activate	Enter
Exit context or cancel	Esc
Display context (right-click) menu	Shift + F10
Properties dialogue	·         Alt + Enter ·         Ctrl + I

System keys

Open file	Ctrl + O
Save copy of page	Ctrl + S
Print page	Ctrl + P
Close Opera	Ctrl + Q
Hide Opera	Ctrl + Alt + Shift + H

Text keys

Editing

Undo recent changes	Ctrl + Z
Redo recent changes	·         Ctrl + Y ·         Ctrl + Shift + Z
Copy selection to clipboard	·         Ctrl + C ·         Ctrl + Insert
Move selection to clipboard	·         Ctrl + X ·         Shift + Delete
Paste from clipboard	·         Ctrl + V ·         Shift + Insert
Copy selected text to "Notes" panel	Ctrl + Shift + C
Select all	Ctrl + A
Delete selection (or character right of cursor)	Delete
Delete selection (or character left of cursor)	Backspace
Toggle text-style bold	Ctrl + B
Toggle text-style italic	Ctrl + I
Toggle text-style underline	Ctrl + U
Convert hex to Unicode	Ctrl + Shift + X

UNIX editing keys

These are classic UNIX keyboard shortcuts, which you can enable by choosing "Opera Standard for UNIX" from Preferences > Advanced > Shortcuts.

Go to end of line	Ctrl + E
Go to beginning of line	Ctrl + A
Go to next character	Ctrl + F
Go to previous character	Ctrl + B
Go to next line	Ctrl + N
Go to previous line	Ctrl + P
Paste (Yank)	Ctrl + Y
Delete to end of line	Ctrl + K
Delete next character	Ctrl + D
Delete previous character	Ctrl + H

Find

Find text	Ctrl + F
Find next instance of text	·         Ctrl + G ·         F3
Find previous instance of text	·         Ctrl + Shift + G ·         Shift + F3
Search for text in page (press F9 first to set focus on page)	·         (numeric) / ·         . (period)
Search for text in links in page (press F9 first to set focus on page)	·         Shift + (numeric) / ·         , (comma)

Loading keys

Access

Go to your home page	·         Ctrl + Space ·         Alt + Home
Enter a Web address	F2
Paste and go in current or new tab	Ctrl + Shift + V
Speed Dial	Ctrl + 0-9
Enter nickname for fast bookmark access	Shift + F2
Save page address as new bookmark	Ctrl + D
Save as new bookmark in active bookmark folder	Ctrl + Shift + D

Transmission

Reload (get latest version of) page	·         Ctrl + R ·         F5
Reload selected frame	·         Alt + F5
Stop page loading	Esc

Navigation keys

History

Go to next page in history	·         Alt + → ·         Ctrl + → ·         Shift + Backspace
Go to previous page in history	·         Alt + ← ·         Ctrl + ← ·         Backspace
Fast Forward	·         Shift + Backspace ·         Space

Site navigation

To remove the last part of any Web address (such as a sub-directory) and go to that address, press Ctrl + Backspace.

Display modes

Print preview (toggles on/off)	Ctrl + Shift + P
Use entire screen for browsing	F11
Toggle "Fit to width"	Ctrl + F11

Source

View page source	Ctrl + U
View source of active frame	Ctrl + Shift + U
Validate source of active page or frame	Ctrl + Alt + Shift + U

Developer Tools

Open developer tool

Ctrl + Shift + I

Zooming

Increase zoom % by steps of 10	·         Plus ·         Ctrl + Plus
Decrease zoom % by steps of 10	·         Minus ·         Ctrl + Minus
Restore zoom to 100%	·         * ·         Ctrl + 0

Link keys

Select next link in page	Ctrl + ↓
Select previous link in page	Ctrl + ↑
Follow selected link	Enter
Open selected link in new tab	Shift + Enter
Open selected link in background tab	Ctrl + Shift + Enter
Save link target (such as document or image)	Ctrl + Shift + S

Spatial navigation keys

Navigate between links and form elements

Shift + ← ↑ → ↓

Tip: The combination of the Shift key and arrow keys is the fastest way of moving around a Web page when wanting to locate links and Web form elements.

Form keys

Log in/auto-fill form using the Wand	Ctrl + Enter
Go to next element in form	Tab
Go to previous element in form	Shift + Tab
Select form element	·         Space ·         Enter

Access keys

These shortcuts are unique to pages that have access keys enabled.

Toggle HTML access keys	Shift + Esc
Enter HTML access keys	A-Z and 0-9

Page keys: basics

Browse in new tab	Ctrl + T
Close active tab	·         Ctrl + W ·         Ctrl + F4
Undo closing of tab	Ctrl + Shift + T

Application windows

Browse in new application window

Ctrl + N

Tab keys: switching

Cycle to next tab (defaults to recently used order)	Ctrl + Tab
Cycle to previous tab (defaults to recently used order)	Ctrl + Shift + Tab
Switch to previous tab on tab bar	Ctrl + Shift + F6
Switch to next tab on tab bar	Ctrl + F6

Panel keys: activation

Toggle last active panel with panel selector	F4
Toggle last active panel	Shift + F4
Activate panels for keyboard navigation	F7
Expand all folders/views in panel	Shift + →
Collapse all folders/views in panel	Shift + ←
Open "Search" panel	Ctrl + Shift + 1
Open "Bookmarks" panel	·         Ctrl + Shift + 2 ·         Ctrl + B
Open "Mail" panel	Ctrl + Shift + 3
Open "Contacts" panel	Ctrl + Shift + 4
Open "Chat" panel	Ctrl + Shift + 5
Open "Notes" panel	Ctrl + Shift + 6
Open "Transfers" panel	Ctrl + Shift + 7
Open "History" panel	·         Ctrl + Shift + 8 ·         Ctrl + H
Open "Links" panel	Ctrl + Shift + 9
Open "Windows" panel	Ctrl + Shift + 0

Panel keys: actions

Bookmarks

Open bookmark	Enter
Open bookmark in new tab	Shift + Enter
Open bookmark in background tab	Ctrl + Shift + Enter

Mail

Mark all e-mail in selected view as read

Ctrl + Shift + A

Contacts

Show messages associated with contact	Enter
Compose message to contact	Shift + Enter

Transfers

Open transferred file

Enter

Preferences

Edit your preferences	·         Alt + P ·         Ctrl + F12
Quickly edit most popular preferences	F12
Edit browser appearance	Shift + F12

Bars

Toggle main menu

Alt + F11

Focus keys

Set focus to Web page (to enable keyboard navigation)	F9
Set focus to address field	·         F8 ·         Ctrl + L ·         Alt + D
Set focus to search field	Ctrl + E
Set focus to personal bar (only when you have search fields)	Shift + F7
Restore original address in address field and set focus to page	Esc

Manager pages

Manage bookmarks	·         Ctrl + Shift + B
Manage transfers	·         Ctrl + J
Manage history	·         Ctrl + Shift + H
Manage links	Ctrl + Shift + L

E-mail keys: reading and sending

Basics

Check e-mail	Ctrl + K
Write new message	Ctrl + M
Attach files to message	Ctrl + O
Upload queued messages to mail server	Ctrl + Shift + K
Send composed message	·         Ctrl + Shift + S ·         Ctrl + Enter

Navigation

Go to next message	J
Go to previous message	U
Go to next unread message	·         H ·         Shift + J
Go to previous unread message	·         Y ·         Shift + U
Move one screen-full up	Shift + Space
Move one screen-full down, then go to next unread	Space
Scroll up in message body (even if focus on message list)	Alt + ↑
Scroll down in message body (even if focus on message list)	Alt + ↓
Set focus to message list	F8
Set focus to message	F9

Threads

Expand all threads	Shift + →
Collapse all threads	Shift + ←
Mark thread as read	M
Mark thread as read, go to next unread	N

E-mail keys: managing

Marking

Mark selected message as read	K
Mark selected message as read, and go to next unread e-mail	G
Mark selected message as read, and go to previous unread e-mail	T
Mark selected message as unread	Shift + K
Mark all messages in active view as read	Ctrl + Shift + A
Move selected message to Trash	Delete
Delete selected message permanently, without moving to Trash	Shift + Delete

Responding

Reply to message	R
Reply to all recipients of message, including sender	Shift + R
Forward message	F
Redirect message	D
Continue editing message (Drafts, Outbox, and Sent views)	Enter
Focus "Quick reply" field	·         Q ·         Shift + F9

Handling

Save sender's address as new contact	A
Save attachments	Shift + S
Label message (for example important or funny)	L, 1-7
View all messages associated with sender	E
Copy raw message data to clipboard	C

Viewing

Toggle different layout of message list and message body

I

Chat keys

Download and list available rooms on chat server	Ctrl + Shift + J
Set focus to chat input field	Shift + F9

Help keys

Open Opera's help window	F1
Search while viewing help page	Ctrl + F

More information

Learn more about using the keyboard.

Single-key shortcuts

Opera 9.5 disables the following single-key shortcuts, which were enabled by default in Opera 9.2 and previous. To re-enable these shortcuts, check the box marked "Enable single-key shortcuts" in Preferences > Advanced > Shortcuts.

Function	Single-Key Shortcut
Switch to previous tab on tab bar	1
Switch to next tab on tab bar	2
Cycle through frames in page	3 and Shift + 3
Minimize tab	4
Restore/Maximize tab	5
Restore zoom to 100%	6
Zoom out by 100%	7
Zoom in by 100%	8
Zoom out by 10%	9
Zoom in by 10%	0
Cycle through links in page	A and Q
Cycle through headers in page	S and W
Cycle through elements in page	D and E
Toggle between author mode and user mode	Shift + G
Address bar history drop-down	H
Load and display all images	I
Toggle loading of images	Shift + I
Speak selected text	V
Forward	X
Fast forward	Shift + X
Back	Z
Rewind	Shift + Z